Uncovering hidden art with hyperspectral imaging

(Photos by David Stjernholm)

The intersection of technology and art conservation has opened new avenues for uncovering hidden details in historical paintings. One of the most significant breakthroughs in recent years has been the application of hyperspectral imaging that allows researchers to analyze pigment composition, underpainting, and artist techniques without physically touching the artwork.

At the forefront of this innovation is Qtechnology’s hyperspectral camera, which has been instrumental in revealing unseen layers in paintings by Danish artist Vilhelm Lundstrøm at Kunstmuseum Brandts.

Preserving and understanding art

Traditionally, art conservationists rely on X-ray and infrared imaging, as well as microscopic pigment analysis, to study historical paintings. However, these methods often require physical sampling, which can be invasive and potentially damaging to delicate artwork. There was a need for a non-invasive, high-resolution imaging technique that could provide detailed insights into an artist’s process, color composition, and changes made during the creation of a painting.

Hyperspectral imaging with Qtechnology

Qtechnology’s hyperspectral camera provides a revolutionary solution by capturing a broad spectrum of light beyond what the human eye can see. This technology, developed in collaboration with Newtec Engineering A/S and Syddansk Universitet (SDU), was used to analyze Lundstrøm’s iconic paintings at Kunstmuseum Brandts.

• Multi-layer imaging: Up to 31 layers of paint were detected, revealing alterations made by the artist.
• Precise pigment identification: Differentiates between natural and synthetic pigments without physical sampling.
• Non-invasive analysis: Avoids potential damage by allowing in-situ scanning without moving the artwork.
• Advanced AI integration: Uses machine learning algorithms to analyze complex color compositions and historical changes.

Lundstrøm’s “Eternal Blue”

One of the most significant findings in this project was the discovery of Lundstrøm’s unique use of blue pigments. The hyperspectral scans revealed a dynamic layering of ultramarine, cobalt blue, and preussisch blue, as well as a modern synthetic pigment (PB15) previously unknown in his works. This discovery challenged prior assumptions about Lundstrøm’s methods and showed that he experimented far more than previously thought.

Additionally, the hyperspectral imaging uncovered hidden sketches and alterations beneath the final layers of paint, highlighting a creative process that was more iterative and complex than initially believed. This insight reshaped the understanding of Lundstrøm’s artistic evolution and decision-making.

Advancing art conservation and research

The use of Qtechnology’s hyperspectral camera in art analysis has had profound implications:

• Improved conservation techniques: Museums can now detect degradation signs early and develop targeted preservation strategies.
• Enhanced art historical research: Scholars gain deeper insights into an artist’s process, influences, and material choices.
• Public engagement: Visitors at Kunstmuseum Brandts could experience the findings through interactive hyperspectral scans, bringing a new dimension to art appreciation.

The future

Given its success in Lundstrøm’s case, the application of Qtechnology’s hyperspectral imaging is expanding to:

• Authentication of masterpieces: Identifying forged paintings through detailed pigment analysis.
• Restoration planning: Helping conservators make data-driven decisions about how to restore faded or altered artworks.
• Broader cultural heritage research: Applying hyperspectral imaging to historical manuscripts, murals, and sculptures.

Qtechnology’s hyperspectral camera has proven to be a game-changer in the field of art conservation and historical research. By revealing hidden details in Lundstrøm’s paintings, it has not only deepened understanding of his work but also set a precedent for the future of non-invasive art analysis. As technology and culture continue to merge, hyperspectral imaging is poised to revolutionize the way we preserve and study the world’s artistic heritage.